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<text id=93TT2564>
<title>
Jan. 04, 1993: The Best of 1992:Environment
</title>
<history>
TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1992
Jan. 04, 1993 Man of the Year:Bill Clinton
</history>
<article>
<source>Time Magazine</source>
<hdr>
ENVIRONMENT, Page 57
THE BEST OF 1992
</hdr>
<body>
<p>1. Al Gore's Election
</p>
<p> Only a year ago, environmentalists were resigned to
spending four more years as voices crying in the wilderness. The
anti-ecology Bush-Quayle Administration looked tough to beat,
and among the Democrats who weren't going to try was Al Gore,
author of the environmental manifesto Earth in the Balance. Now
that he will head Clinton's green team, look for efforts to
boost energy efficiency, preserve wetlands and reduce global
warming. But don't assume that the more controversial ideas in
Gore's book, like taxes on carbon-dioxide emissions, will win
approval from his boss, much less Congress.
</p>
<p>2. Ozone Rescue
</p>
<p> An ozone hole over Antarctica that threatened more
penguins than people was one thing, but when scientists said a
similar hole might soon open over heavily populated areas of the
Northern Hemisphere, world leaders were scared into action. They
toughened the 1987 Montreal Protocol by speeding up the phaseout
of CFCs and other chemicals that destroy the ozone layer.
</p>
<p>3. The U.S. Energy Bill
</p>
<p> It wasn't ideal, but the Energy Policy Act of 1992
included incentives for renewable energy, set efficiency
standards for appliances and mandated use of nonpetroleum fuel
in some of the government's vehicles. Best of all, Congress
dropped President Bush's plan to sell oil-drilling leases in the
pristine Arctic National Wildlife Refuge.
</p>
<p>4. The E-Lamp Light Bulb
</p>
<p> Standard light bulbs glow by sending electric current
through a filament or gas. But there are better ways to get a
shine. The E-Lamp, designed by the Silicon Valley firms
Intersource Technologies Inc. and Diablo Research, sets phosphor
glowing by bombarding it with radio waves. When the bulbs go on
the market next year, they will cost up to $20 each, but they
should last about 14 years and save more than enough energy to
be worth the price.
</p>
<p>5. Pollution-Rights Trading
</p>
<p> Pollution became a hot commodity as utilities began
trading the right to emit sulfur dioxide, a cause of acid rain.
The cleanest companies profit by selling pollution "credits,"
while dirtier utilities pay for their excesses--all while
keeping the nation as a whole within clean-air limits. Next year
watch for sulfur-dioxide emissions to join pork bellies on the
Chicago Board of Trade.
</p>
<p>...AND THE WORST
</p>
<p>Overpopulation
</p>
<p> Reports of runaway birthrates fueled Malthusian fears,
though Malthus himself could never have envisioned the severe
environmental degradation caused by the earth's 5.4 billion
inhabitants. The latest U.N. projections show that the human
family is growing much faster than previously thought: the
world's population is expected to almost double, to 10 billion,
by 2050.
</p>
<p>Whale Hunting
</p>
<p> For six years member nations of the International Whaling
Commission have respected its ban on hunting minke whales--majestic creatures that can reach 30 ft. (9 m) in length. But
last summer Norway decided the whales were too plentiful to
become extinct and said its boats would hunt the minke again.
Iceland went further, quitting the IWC altogether.
</p>
<p>Damming of the Danube
</p>
<p> The beautiful blue Danube is threatened by the nearly
complete Gabcikovo Dam, which stretches across the river between
Hungary and Slovakia. The Hungarians formally abandoned the
project last spring, arguing that flooding would damage
wetlands. But the Slovaks claimed that too much work and money
had already gone into the project and pressed on.
</p>
<p>Brazilian Scandal
</p>
<p> When he took office as President of Brazil in 1990,
Fernando Collor de Mello promised that protecting the Amazon
rain forest would be a top priority. Collor did earn praise for
hosting the Earth Summit and setting aside a huge reserve for
indigenous rain forest dwellers, but critics charged that the
President's main priority was feathering his own nest, and the
resulting corruption scandal forced him from office.
</p>
<p>Earth Summit
</p>
<p> The June megameeting in Rio made world leaders focus on
ecology, and press coverage raised the level of green
consciousness around the planet. So far, however, follow-up has
been minimal, and the Earth Summit has to be deemed a
disappointment. The summiteers made no progress at all toward
solving some of the planet's most pressing problems, including
forest destruction and overpopulation.
</p>
</body>
</article>
</text>